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Showing posts with label Pound. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pound. Show all posts

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Climbing to the Greenstone
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Image by Viewminder
Why is it that we are drawn to the wild? Why does man, the most social of all animals seek the isolation, solitude and lonliness of a wild place?

In those five days I hadn't looked into a mirror but it was clear to me that I had seen myself there more perfectly than the reflection that any mirror could produce.

It was a 40.8 mile walk.

I learned in those five lonely, beautiful, amazing and sometimes difficult days that I really do like myself. Me and myself, we do get along really well... we never fought once and we were always cooperating. I enjoyed my own company. Before that I'd never spent five days in the bush all by myself.

I learned there that I see the world differently when I'm not influenced by the needs and opinions of others. I looked at the smallest of details around me and I was able to complete thoughts and consider anything and everything without the cell phone ringing to put that particular thought on hold.

I learned there that I can live without my Blackberry, electricity, the internet, my wonderful tempurpedic mattress, a car or a house. Life without modern climactic control... mmmm... more of a challenge.

I learned once again that I can consistantly rise above pain and do what needs to be done in any situation. That's always come pretty easy to me but it's a characteristic I like to test out every once in a while. That's what I was looking for and I definitely found it. I knew I was going to be pushing it. Goes without saying really.

The wild makes me feel alive.

A lot of what I learned is hard to put into words... in the silence of those days and nights in the woods language seemed to be replaced as my primary communication with myself... more so by feelings... emotions... and chemical processes I could clearly see for the first time in isolation.

When the wolves that I was following killed something near my campsite and began howling, the instinctive and primitive fear that ran down my spine faster than the speed of thought... I didn't just feel it or observe it... I saw it... I saw my own fear... like steam rising from your breath on a cold day. It had its own presence.

There was one moment I recall to be the most impacting and pivotal moment of the whole incredible epic. On the fifth day I woke up, cold, wet, hungry and weary... the conditions and decisions that put me in that place were all my responsibility of course, that I clearly understood and accepted... but at that moment I looked at my fucking boots as I sat up in my wet down sleeping bag... those boots, they had really become my antithesis... my enemy... I knew that I had to take my very damaged feet, in the most pain that they had ever been in, and force their swollen mass into those boots that almost seemed to snarl at me like barbaric medeival torture implements and I would have to walk twelve miles in them in four and a half hours.

I had a boat to catch.

Something inside me at that exact moment popped, maybe even snapped, figured it out I guess... an inner insanity instantly prevailed and I pulled on those laces and tightened up those boots almost sadomasochistically with a newfound determination... I pulled them a little extra tight just to tell my feet and that pain that saturated them that I am the boss... I am in control. There will be more pain if I so desire. You want some of this feet? Who you lookin' at blisters? You talking to me, pain?

The twelve miles in those boots, just the thought of it loomed ahead of me like a wall of dark turbulent clouds boiling with rage and uncertainty on a warm and humid spring day... it wasn't that it was a technical hike or anything...without injury it'd be a walk in the park... it was knowing that the pain would be my constant companion with every step... in the center of that moment I was overcome with a bright and stunning clarity of thought and purpose. That doesn't really happen a lot to me with the ADHD and all.

Next time I will take much better care of my feet I swear. I'll stop more... I'll change socks three or four times a day... I won't let them get wet... I'll put duct tape on at the first sign of friction... I'll hear their pleas for mercy... whatever it takes. I'll never take my stompers for granted again.

I would not only walk those twelve miles that day I vowed to myself... I decided then and there that I would enjoy and savor them... wasn't it Jesus who said that you should love your enemy? I would love it then... I would sing songs in my head... and I promised myself that I'd even run the last mile... I would finish strong, and I didn't care if I ran on bloody and dirtied stumps... I just somehow reached a place inside my own being where I was able to transcend that searing and fiery pain manifest in each step of the foot, never able to control it but to find a place above it and dominate it, to step outside of it's realm. I chose to make the pain irrelevant.

Looking back I don't even know how I did it.

Twelve miles is not one 'thing'... it's not one battle, it's not a singular enemy... twelve miles is just about fifty thousand steps. Still carrying thirty eight pounds on my back (weighed on the scale at the dock when I finished) each one of those fifty thousand steps I can tell you was EXCRUCIATING. I think I invented half a dozen new swear words on that segment of the journey. The ability to produce the courage to take each step was in itself a mental battle... the areas I had to climb over rocks or tree stumps or jump down were so painful I had at points begun to hallucinate... to see strange lights... to get tunnel vision. Jumping down was the worst.

Twenty years before when I had crashed into that swamp near Clewiston Florida... after getting knocked out in the air and coming to wondering why I was falling through the sky just then... what a weird way to wake up... a thousand feet off the ground, watching the blood drip from my torn face onto the shattered glass of the altimeter that cut me, seeing my own deep red fluid spill into the soft abyss and dissapearing into the thousand feet of blue sky beneath me... after that I hit the earth so hard that I could hear my bones snap like twigs and then having to pull out my hook knife and cut my shoes off as my feet swelled up before my still seeing stars eyes... I saw strange things that weren't real there too. Weird shit. Maybe that's God's way of telling you that you really fucked up this time. 'Maybe we should talk' he might be saying. "Things don't look like they're going too well for you."

I'm glad that I didn't have a gun in that swampy hell... it would have been nice to think that I could've used it to take care of the gators but at times it would have been too difficult to resist the seductive temptation of lead as the ultimate pain killer.

Twenty years before I recalled, I learned a lesson when I found myself in quite the same house of pain... not wanting to spend the night in that godforsaken swamp with the alligators and the snakes and whatever other denizens of that odd world my imagination could produce, I had by necessity to walk on those jagged broken bones poking internally my swollen flesh and torn muscles... actually I had to crawl mostly... and swim some mercifully... but the hallucinations, they got me there too... I thought that I was in my parent's living room... telling them the story about how I crashed that day even though I was fighting for life itself in a hot and stinking swamp covered in dried blood, a torn to pieces jumpsuit and all manner of exotic bugs waiting for the feeding opportunity.

The definition of disheartening is watching the searchplane flying away from you, knowing full well that the pilot didn't even see you. Knowing you're on your own. It's up to you to get your ass out of this one.

Accepting one's fate... that gets tricky... I mean you want to accept just enough to quit your internal bitching of course, but you just don't want to accept too much and let yourself die. It's a pretty fine line when it comes to survival. I guess you gotta be angry enough to live but still have enough of a sense of humor to laugh at what got ya here in the first place. It's usually always pretty funny... especially after the fact. I'm usually the first one in the group to recommend cannibalism. "Shut up man... we've only been lost for forty five minutes!" But I get really hungry when I'm lost.

The reality is that I fear if I ever ate any of my exploring buddies... we'd probably get rescued right after I finished dinner. The thought always keeps me from goin cannibal.

I remember in the swamp only wanting to curl up in a fetal position then and go to sleep... sung soft and sweet lullabies by the grim reaper himself... kept company by those hallucinations of a place so much more pleasant. I was mentally promising myself I'd only sleep for a little bit... making the 'deadly deal'...maybe I'll just lay down and take a short rest. Bullshit on that... that's how you die. Never go to sleep. Not until your out of the shit, Uh uh. You get down then you aint gettin' up.

Just like that day I could see the pain coming here too... only this was much worse... as I watched the earth seem to rise up at a dangerous velocity I knew that it'd be one hit... one really big hit... and it'd only hurt if I lived through it so I looked forward to that pain.

On Isle Royale I knew very well what I was getting into as I forced my feet into those boots. It would be like crashing fifty thousand times...again and again and again... in agonizingly s l o w m o t i o n. I never really considered it particularly dangerous or deadly, but man it hurt.

Anybody who's ever spent a good deal of time deep in the woods knows what kills you... it's nothing dramatic or even exciting... what kills you is hypothermia. You get wet and cold in the woods... doesn't matter if it's eighty degrees out... you're in trouble. That's what I worry about when I'm in the wayback all by myself.

Each and every step in that terrain on the island had to be so deliberate and considerate... it's not like walking down a street on pavement... you don't even think about where your feet fall on pavement...but the brutal reality here was that each step was in itself a decision to be made...'how should my foot land on that rock' or 'where will my next step take it's grip.' There was no motivational device I could use to look away from the punishment, the pain or the torture... I had to focus on it... I had to look at my cursed boots and watch where they'd land...it could not be ignored. No fucking way. Nope. With each step I knew what was coming... I had to make it so.

Fifty thousand times that day I had to endure the grip of that vicious pain, but I will tell you all of that was nothing compared to the moment that I looked at those boots and commited myself to doing what it was that I needed to do. It all comes down to that moment really.

That was THE moment.

That's why I did it.

In the end, though I needed a little medical attention, and three days later I still cannot walk without enduring incredible spasms of pain, I am on the best antibiotics insurance can buy and the beneficiary of some heavy duty pain medication with a high street value, infection has wracked my body from head to toe and brings me alternating bouts of fever and chills... I got to the rondezvous point with the boat, jumped on, took a three hour boat ride, got into my truck and drove for eleven hours to get myself home... and I didn't take those boots off until I got there.I was afraid of what I'd see when I did.

It was all worth it.

You are my heaven.

The Wild Hunt

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Bone
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Image by bk2000


11-02: Is it too soon for the 2040 election?
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Image by jlk.1
He is the only candidate with a sensible zombie policy. (Even if he is a weak on the ownership of animals over the 40 pound threshold.)

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Male Giant Panda - Tian Tian
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Image by dherman1145
This is Tian Tian, the male half of the adult giant panda pair living at the Washington DC National Zoological Park. His name means "more and more."At over 260 pounds, Tian Tian is a whole lot of powerful for such a cuddly looking animal. This image was taken as he was rummaging for food in his outdoor yard. Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): the scientific name means, "black and white cat-footed animal."

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Pet of the Week: Kaiser, 7717666
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Image by LollypopFarm
Kaiser is a 9-year-old male black Labrador retriever mix who weighs 50 pounds. He’s at Lollypop Farm for a second time because his owner was having personal problems.

This handsome fellow is a favorite of both staff and volunteers at the shelter. Kaiser is quite active for his age, so don't label him a couch potato! He would be happiest in a home without small animals, because he has a history of chasing them non-stop. He would also like a home with children over the age of 16 due to his age and the fact that he has no history of living with them.

Kaiser is available in the Seniors-for-Seniors program, so adopters age 60 and older can take him home free of charge.

Sweet Kaiser has been at Lollypop Farm since the beginning of November and is hoping to find a Home for the Holidays. No one wants to spend the holidays away from friends and family, and that includes all the pets at Lollypop Farm.


Kemp's ridley sea turtle
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Image by krembo1
Montezuma, Costa Rica.

It was a lazy afternoon in the happy hippie village Montezuma. me and my friends were on the beach, coming in and out of the water, getting suntanning, reading books and just being lazy. i was in the water when suddenly my friend shouted my name and called me from out far to get out of the water, concerned i ran out and saw her (no mistake- her) . a female sea turtle making it way to the sandy beach. she was on daylight, totally not acording to books. after one hour of digging she laied her eggs, coverd them up and made her way back to the great endless pacific ocean- what an amazing hero she is.

trying to discover what species the sea turtle was- i ran into it (http://www.greatturtlerace.com/) and came in contact with the in the sea turtles institute in Michmoret (Israel) and they helped me to find out what she was.

In addition of her being out on the beach on daylight, she was off season and out of her usual Habitat - it was a miracle we saw her, once in a life experience.


Kemp's Ridley sea turtle is a Critically Endangered species(!) you can find here few details on it.

Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle
©Cynthia Rubio & NPS


Critically Endangered:
Kemp’s Ridley turtles are one of the most seriously endangered of all sea turtles today. In 1947, a single Kemp’s Ridley arribada was calculated as having 42,000 nests. Today, the total population of females is estimated to be around 2,500. They are listed as Critically Endangered (facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Nesting:
Like its sister species the Olive Ridley, the Kemp’s Ridley utilizes the arribada (mass-nesting) as a nesting strategy. They nest more frequently than other species, every 1 ½ years and 2 to 3 times a season. They deposit around 110 eggs in their nest, which hatch in about 55 days. According to NOAA, “Kemp's ridleys are the only sea turtle species that nests predominantly during daylight hours.”

Description:
The Kemp’s Ridley is the smallest of sea turtles. Adults grow to be about 2 feet long and can weigh about 100 pounds maximum. The carapace is oval and gray-green in color. The under part of the shell or plastron is yellowish-white. There are 5 costal scutes on the carapace and 4 inframarginal scutes, which join the carapace to the plastron. The head is medium sized and triangular in form. Hatchlings are black. Unlike other sea turtles whose name reflects their appearance, the Kemp’s Ridley is named after Richard M. Kemp, a fisherman in the Keys of Florida, who first submitted this species for classification.

Habitat, Range and Migration:
Unlike most other turtles, the Kemp Ridley spends most if its time in shallow seas and rarely swims in waters more than 160 feet. According to NOAA, “Adult Kemp's primarily occupy neritic habitats. Neritic zones typically contain muddy or sandy bottoms where prey can be found. Their diet consists mainly of swimming crabs, but may also include fish, jellyfish, and an array of mollusks.”

The range of the Kemp’s Ridley is narrow compared to other sea turtles. Adults primarily inhabit the coastal waters off of Mexico. Their most important nesting ground is a 12-½ stretch of beach in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. A few nest on Padre Island, off the coast of Texas and elsewhere along the Mexican gulf coast.

Hatchlings become caught up in the currents and eddies of the Gulf waters, and are re-distributed all along the Gulf and Atlantic as far north as Nova Scotia. Immature turtles can be found along the Atlantic coast as far north as Massachusetts and Canada.

Diet:
Adult Kemp’s Ridleys are carnivorous bottom-feeders, eating a variety of animal foods from shallow waters. While they eat mollusks, fish, jellyfish, echinoderms etc, they have a marked preference for crabs and frequent the waters occupied by this favored delicacy.

Threats:
The fact that the Kemp’s Ridley spends its sea going life in shallow coastal waters where much human sea harvesting takes place has likely contributed to its rapid historical decline. Shrimp trawls troll these shallow waters and many Kemp’s Ridley’s become the victims of incidental capture in their nets. Near shore fishing also exacts a toll.

Harvesting of eggs and slaughtering of nesting females during arribadas has also also played a significant role in bringing this animal to its current critically endangered status.
As with other sea turtles, habitat development and degradation hastens the decline of the species.

The enforced use of turtle exclusion devices by trawlers as well as the protection of nesting habitat during arribadas is required if this species is to recover from the edge of extinction.

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Baby Boom at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
animal pound
Image by Smithsonian's National Zoo
Photo Credit: Chris Crowe

The onset of summer for animal care staff at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Va., means patiently awaiting endangered-animal births, hand-raising youngsters and saying farewell to cubs that are ready to be matched with mates. This year, SCBI-Front Royal celebrated its first hatching of the year Jan. 31 with a kiwi chick. Many more species followed, namely clouded leopard cubs, maned wolf pups and a white-naped crane chick. All of these species—which range in International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List status from near threatened to endangered—are significant and represent great conservation successes.

SCBI geneticists have identified the white-naped crane chick that hatched April 14 as a male. The biological parents of the chick, Alex and Amanda, were unable to breed naturally because Amanda was hand-raised and is partially imprinted (socially bonded) with people. Because white-naped cranes are vulnerable to extinction—and because this pair is genetically valuable—SCBI scientists performed an artificial insemination. They then transferred the egg to the care another crane pair, Brenda and Eddie, who had successfully raised chicks before. The chick is doing well and is almost the same size as an adult.

Two male maned wolf pups born April 14 to 2-year-old female Vitani and 8-year-old male, Paul, received a clean bill of health at their first veterinary exam. They appear to be robust and healthy. Keepers have nicknamed the pups “Bold” and “Shy” for their distinctive personalities. Only 85 maned wolves are part of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums’ Species Survival Plan, and these pups account for 40 percent of successful maned wolf births in the United States this year. A leader in maned wolf conservation, SCBI has had 74 pups born there since 1975—more than any other institution.

Male clouded leopard cub Mingma and his sister, Kali, were transferred to their new home at the Nashville Zoo June 20. Mingma weighed about 9 pounds, and Kali weighed about 8 pounds at a pre-shipment exam. Born Feb. 6, the cubs will be paired with their future mates. Doing so drastically reduces the risk of aggression between these endangered cats when they reach sexual maturity. Clouded leopard infants have a 47 percent survival rate, which soars to 99 percent if the cats are hand-reared. Listed as vulnerable to extinction in the wild, SCBI has had more than 70 clouded leopards born there over the past 30 years and is a leader in conservation science initiatives to save the species.

Female North Island brown kiwi chick Manawa Ora hatched Jan. 31. Her name means “hope” in Maori. The IUCN considers the brown kiwi an endangered species due, in part, to predation by dogs, cats and stoats (members of the weasel family). The wild population of the brown kiwi is estimated at roughly 24,000, down from 60,000 in the 1980s. Kiwi in zoos are extremely rare. Only five zoos outside of New Zealand have successfully bred these unique birds, and the population is heavily skewed toward males. Manawa Ora will become a valuable breeder because her genes are not well-represented in the captive population. She will remain at SCBI-Front Royal until she reaches sexual maturity at 2-3 years of age.

The Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute plays a key role in the Smithsonian's global efforts to understand and conserve species and train future generations of conservationists. Headquartered in Front Royal, Va., SCBI facilitates and promotes research programs based at Front Royal, the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., and at field research stations and training sites worldwide.

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HPIM0100
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Image by drattustx
Aroo. The only large animal we've ever owned who we picked as a pup rather than picked up as a rescue or a stray. Had him since he was a little guy. According to the people who left him and his brother at the pound his mother was a Shepherd mix, father unknown though I'd guess some lab in there somewhere. Big dog, 115 or so pounds, total baby though without an aggressive bone in him.

Given half a chance he'd be a lap dog too and he does try to be one though I have to sit on the floor for it. He doesn't seem to realize his size, throws himself back in my arms and expects me to catch him. Never did that before we got the smaller dog but now he's imitating the "lap dog" behavior I'd guess. I love the trust, just hope my back holds up to it ;)

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Sea Anemone in Seward, AK
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Image by uccsbiology
Picture of a sea anemone taken at the SeaLife Center in Seward, AK. Great example of radial symmetry.

Photo credit : Catherine Pounds

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Happy Tails: Maggie May
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Image by LollypopFarm
Every day we thank our Maggie May for adopting us! We came into Lollypop Farm to find a gray and white kitten or a Siamese baby and this six-month-old black and white cat made it clear that we were not to leave without taking her home. She’s a smart cat and was not going to let us go down the row without giving her a try. She was only six months old but we were the third home for her.

We had neighbors with dogs come over and meet her the first day. Neighbors with kids came over too. She loves the kids and is fine with dogs. You listed her as “Lola” but we decided to change her name. She STOLE our HEARTS, so on the way home we decided her new name would be Maggie May… after the Rod Stewart song.

Almost every day I tell her THANKS for choosing us. She came home with us on April 13, 2010. A couple weeks later I was at the Joseph A. Bank clothing store in Pittsford and talking cats to the manager and he and his wife were fostering a Siamese 1 pound 2 ounce kitten. Two days later “Joe Banks” joined Maggie May and she was happy for the company. Joe Banks is now twice her size but she is still the boss.

Thanks again! This is probably the smartest cat we have had in our many years of cats around the world. You could say Maggie May adopted us. She really did pick us and I do thank her almost every day.

Carol and Max R.

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Smithsonian's National Zoo’s Twin Andean Bear Cubs Appear Healthy and Thriving
animal pound
Image by Smithsonian's National Zoo
Photo Credit: Beth Branneu, Smithsonian's National Zoo

In this photo: Animal Keeper Karen Abbott holds one of the 8-week-old cubs during its first veterinary exam.

The Smithsonian’s National Zoo’s eight-week-old Andean bear cubs received a clean bill of health today from Zoo veterinarians. The veterinary team performed a complete physical exam Feb. 20, which includes: listening to the cubs’ hearts and lungs; checking their mouth, eyes, legs, feet and genital area; and feeling their bellies. The cubs also received the first of a series of routine vaccines. Although it is difficult to determine the sex at such a young age when genitalia have not fully developed, the cubs appear to be male and female. The larger cub weighs 10.1 pounds; the smaller weighs 9.2 pounds.

The cubs were born Dec. 14 and have spent the past two months bonding with their mother, Billie Jean, in a den near the American Trail exhibit. Animal care staff and the public have had the unique opportunity to watch Billie Jean give birth, nurture her cubs, and watch them play and grow via the live Andean Bear Cub Cam on the Zoo’s website. The information gathered from watching their behavior will be shared with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums for the benefit of other institutions that exhibit and want to breed this species. The family’s public debut will take place later this spring.

To follow the bears’ progress, watch them on the live webcam, read updates from the Andean bear keepers and check for news on the Zoo’s Twitter feed and Facebook page with the hashtag #cubwatch.

Andean bears—also known as spectacled bears—are listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, and it is estimated that there are only 2,000 left in their natural habitat.

nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/Amazonia/AndeanBears/andean-be...


Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)
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Image by cliff1066™
Elephants, being large animals, require much food. In the wild, they consume up to 600 lbs. of food (grass, vines, leaves, bark) and 30 gallons of water daily. In the zoo, their food is more nutritious (hay, grasses, fruits) and they eat about 150 lbs. daily. Elephants are herbivorous. The gestation period is 607-641 days (20 to 21 months) and one or sometimes two are born. At birth the young weigh about 200 pounds and stand about three feet tall at the shoulder. The young are weaned in about 2 years, and their rate of growth, the age at which they reach puberty, their life span, and their gerontic progression is similar to that of man. Elephants live to be about 70 years old.


Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
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Image by cliff1066™
The Giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. Males may be 16-18 feet tall and weigh up to 2,000 pounds. Females are usually lighter and about two feet shorter. The giraffe's front legs are only slightly longer than the back ones, the height of the fore part of the body being largely due to the heavy muscular development of the base of the neck. The long neck has the usual seven vertebrae of most mammals, although each is greatly elongated. The giraffe's soup-plate-sized hooves are used as offensive weapons, usually in the defense of the calves. The powerful kick from the front feet can kill a lion.

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Ethel, Nigerian Dwarf Goat
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Image by cliff1066™
Nigerian Dwarfs give a surprising quantity of milk for their size, ranging from 2-6 pounds (0.9-2.7 kg) per day, with an average of 4. Since Nigerians breed year-round, it is easy to stagger freshenings (births) in a herd so that the entire herd is never dry. They are thus ideal milk goats for most families. Their milk has a higher butterfat content than milk from full-sized dairy goats, making Nigerian Dwarf goat milk excellent for cheese and soap making.

Nigerian-sized milking supplies such as stanchions, milk stands, pails, strainers and milking machines are available from online goat supply houses such as Caprine Supply and Hoeggers Goat Supply.

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NYC - Bronx - Bronx Zoo - Bison Range
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Image by wallyg
William T. Hornaday, the first director of the Bronx Zoo, had a deep interest in the American bison and chose to make them the first conservation success story in the zoological society's history. Once numbering 50 million in North America, bison had been decimated by hunting and westward expansion. In October 1899, Hornaday acquired bison Bronx Zoo and began to build the zoo herd. In 1905, with fewer than 1,000 American bison left in the wild, NYZS sponsored the founding of the American Bison Society at the Bronx Zoos Lion House. With Hornaday as the bison groups president, the organization was instrumental in securing national protection for the bison and rangeland for the establishment of new herds. In 1907, 15 of the Bronx Zoo bison were shipped to Oklahomas Wichita Mountain Preserve. Subsequently, bison were provided for other refuges in Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Gradually, the western herds grew and the bison population rebounded. Many of todays bison in the western U.S. are descendents of those Bronx Zoo animals shipped at the turn of the 20th century.

In Western culture, the bison is commonly referred to as buffalo, but this is a misnomer. Although belonging to the same family, Bovidae, true buffalo are native only to Africa and Asia. Only two species of the genus bison still exist: the American Bison and the European Bison. They are the largest terrestrial mammals in North America and Europe.

American bison's two subspecies are the Plains Bison (Bison bison bison), distinguished by its smaller size and more rounded hump, and the Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae), distinguished by its larger size and taller square hump. Bison inhabited the Great Plains of the United States and Canada in massive herds, ranging from the Great Slave Lake in Canada's far north to Mexico in the south, and from eastern Oregon almost to the Atlantic Ocean. Like their cattle relatives, bison are nomadic grazers and travel in herds,

Bison have a shaggy, dark brown winter coat, and a lighter weight, lighter brown summer coat. They can reach up to 2 6½ ft tall, 10 ft long and weigh 900 to 2,000 pounds. Biosn live to be about 20 years old and are born without their trademark "hump" or horns, which develop at maturity at around two to three years of age.

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The Bronx Zoo, located within the Bronx Park, is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States, comprising 265 acres of parklands and naturalistic habitats and home to over 4,000 animals. Focused on conservation, it opened on November 8, 1899, with 22 exhibits, 843 animals. The zoo's origins date back to 1895, with the establishment of the New york Zoological Society (NYZS), renamed Wild Conservation Scoiety (WCS) in 1993. Only the outer structure of the World of Reptiles remains much as it was in 1899. With the 1941 opening of African Plains, the Bronx Zoo was one of the first U.S. zoos to move away from cages and exhibit animals in naturalistic habitats.